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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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time
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100289
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10028900.042
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1990-09-18
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MEDICINE, Page 86Alzheimer's ClueIt may not begin in the brain
Alzheimer's disease, among the most horrifying to strike the
elderly, is also one of the most mysterious. Now scientists have
found a small but tantalizing clue to its workings. Dr. Dennis J.
Selkoe, co-director of the Center for Neurologic Diseases at
Boston's Brigham and Women's Hospital, led a team of researchers
that detected deposits of beta amyloid protein, long associated
with Alzheimer's, in the skin, blood vessels and intestines of
patients with the disorder. Previously the beta amyloid had been
found only in the brains of Alzheimer's victims. The study,
reported in last week's Nature, suggests that Alzheimer's may not
begin in the brain, as has generally been assumed. This new
knowledge could lead to a practical skin test for detecting the
disease and may eventually help scientists learn how to prevent it.
The most common cause of dementia in the elderly, Alzheimer's
killed some 100,000 Americans last year and afflicts 2.5 million
with what has been called the death of the mind. Symptoms include
severe loss of memory and personality changes that range from angry
outbursts to withdrawal and depression. Diagnosis -- at best
tentative -- has been possible only through a process of
eliminating other brain ailments that could cause similar symptoms.
The brains of victims characteristically contain plaques that
include the beta amyloid, but its presence can only be confirmed
after death. Whether it helps cause the brain degeneration or is
a by-product is not clear. But if the beta amyloid is the cause,
then the Boston research could represent a turning point. The study
suggests that the suspect chemical may be produced in one or more
tissues outside the brain, circulate in the bloodstream and enter
various other tissues. But damage seems to occur only when the beta
amyloid is deposited in certain regions of the brain important to
memory and intellect. If that is true, then a way might be found
to block the delivery of the protein to the brain. That could slow
down -- or even halt -- Alzheimer's.